abstract：:Zimbabwe is a high prevalence area for HIV infection, and provides opportunities for studying complications of AIDS in both antiretroviral naive and treated groups of patients. Figures for HIV prevalence are among the highest in the world, but the number of people receiving treatment is very small. Economic and politi...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Mielke J

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over 65% of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reside in sub-Saharan Africa, and thus efforts to change the course of the HIV-1 pandemic should focus on this geographic region. Here, we discuss factors, including sexually transmitted diseases and hormonal contraceptive use, that impa...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Benki S,McClelland RS,Overbaugh J

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans, causes a spectrum of neuropathology that includes alterations in behavior, changes in evoked potentials, and neuronal degeneration. In the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV ...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Marcario JK,Manaye KF,SantaCruz KS,Mouton PR,Berman NE,Cheney PD

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD4+ T cells could be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, provided they can gain entry to the intrathecal compartment. The authors have previously demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid T cells from multiple sclerosis patients recognize autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transform...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Holmøy T,Kvale EØ,Vartdal F

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent ability to quantitate and localize the interaction of antigen-specific T cells in the central nervous system during infectious and autoimmune diseases will greatly enhance our understanding of the molecular and biologic basis of virus-induced diseases of the nervous and other systems. ...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Oldstone MB

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain's intrinsic immune system consists of glial cells that produce cytokines and chemokines in response to stimulation with cytomegalovirus (CMV). The present experiments were undertaken to determine whether this intrinsic glial cell response alone is sufficient to control CMV infection of the central nervous sy...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Cheeran MC,Gekker G,Hu S,Min X,Cox D,Lokensgard JR

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Latent infection of sensory neurons and reactivation are necessary for maintenance of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in its host population. It has been proposed that the HSV-1 early gene, thymidine kinase (TK), may play an important regulatory role in this process. The authors used reporter transgenic mice to te...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Loiacono CM,Myers R,Mitchell WJ

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) latency-related (LR) gene is inserted into the latency-associated transcript (LAT) locus of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) LAT deletion mutant, high levels of spontaneous reactivation from latency and enhanced pathogenesis occur. The LR gene, but not LAT, inhibits caspase 3...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Henderson G,Perng GC,Nesburn AB,Wechsler SL,Jones C

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the long-term virological response in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to compare this response to CSF and plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance profiles. Paired CSF and plasma specimens wer...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Bestetti A,Presi S,Pierotti C,Bossolasco S,Sala S,Racca S,Carrera P,Lazzarin A,Cinque P

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies on the coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia have shown that both X4 and R5 viruses are involved in the process. The disease is associated with enhanced virus replication and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Buch S,Sui Y,Potula R,Pinson D,Adany I,Li Z,Huang M,Li S,Dhillon N,Major E,Narayan O

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toscana virus (Bunyaviridae family, Phlebovirus genus) is a sandfly fever virus responsible for human neurological infections. Sandfly viruses are transmitted by insect vectors (Phlebotomus species) and the infection is present in climatic areas that allow the life cycle of the vector. The arthropode-borne Toscana vir...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Valassina M,Cusi MG,Valensin PE

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JC virus (JCV) is an unique virus, but eight different JCV genotypes and various subtypes have been individuated, with a geographic distribution that has been described in general but still needs to be detailed. To define JCV genotype epidemiology in Italy, the authors collected urine from 211 healthy individuals livi...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Pagani E,Delbue S,Mancuso R,Borghi E,Tarantini L,Ferrante P

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the high incidence of cognitive and motor impairment in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, the mechanisms of AIDS-related central nervous system (CNS) pathology are not completely understood. Infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques provides an excellent model of AIDS, in...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Weed MR,Hienz RD,Brady JV,Adams RJ,Mankowski JL,Clements JE,Zink MC

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurodegeneration and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) are the major disease manifestations of HIV-1 colonization of the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, HIV-1 replicates in microglial cells and infiltrating macrophages and it persists in a low-productive, noncytolytic s...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Su ZZ,Kang DC,Chen Y,Pekarskaya O,Chao W,Volsky DJ,Fisher PB

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two human alpha-herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and varicella zoster virus (VZV), account for the most frequent and serious neurologic disease caused by any of the eight human herpesviruses. Both HSV-1 and VZV become latent in ganglia. In this review, the authors describe features of latency for these viru...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Mitchell BM,Bloom DC,Cohrs RJ,Gilden DH,Kennedy PG

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavivirus encephalitis is believed to be the result of two main mechanisms: (i) direct damage to and dysfunction of neurons as a result of viral replication and (ii) destruction of the brain tissue by an inflammatory response. The differential impact of both mechanisms on the progression of flavivirus encephalitis ha...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Leyssen P,Paeshuyse J,Charlier N,Van Lommel A,Drosten C,De Clercq E,Neyts J

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the era of the AIDS pandemic, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has ceased being a rare disease. Prevalence estimates from clinical and pathological series suggest that up to 5% of all HIV-infected persons will develop PML. The extraordinary frequency with which PML attends HIV infection vastly excee...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Berger JR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of dementia, a significant proportion of HIV-infected individuals cease therapy because of unacceptable side effects. Further, HAART is not available to the majority of HIV-infected people worldwide. Thus, animal models remain an important...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Zink MC,Clements JE

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The latency-associated transcript (LAT) is the only herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene that is abundantly transcribed during latency. Plasmids expressing LAT inhibit apoptosis induced by etoposide and ceramide in transiently transfected cells. LAT also inhibits apoptosis in trigeminal ganglia of rabbits and prom...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Henderson G,Peng W,Jin L,Perng GC,Nesburn AB,Wechsler SL,Jones C

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines and their receptors are constitutively present in the central nervous system (CNS), expressed in neurons and glial cells. Much evidence suggests that, beyond their involvement in neuroinflammation, these proteins play a role in neurodevelopment and neurophysiological signaling. The goal of this review is to...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Ragozzino D

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL) is a rare and usually fatal disorder characterized clinically by an acute onset of neurologic abnormalities. It may occur in association with a viral illness or vaccination. Radiology and brain biopsy are essential for the diagnosis. The etiology of AHL is unclear. We postulat...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： An SF,Groves M,Martinian L,Kuo LT,Scaravilli F

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies have indicated an association between influenza A virus infections during fetal life and neuropsychiatric diseases. To study the potential for influenza A virus infections to cause nervous system dysfunctions, we describe a mouse model using intranasal instillation of the mouse neuroadapted inf...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Aronsson F,Lannebo C,Paucar M,Brask J,Kristensson K,Karlsson H

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine hepatitis virus A59 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) results in CNS demyelination in susceptible strains of mice. In infected B-cell-deficient mice, demyelination not only occurred but was also more severe than in parental C57BL/6 animals. This increase may be due to the persistence of virus in the...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Matthews AE,Lavi E,Weiss SR,Paterson Y

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most murine hepatitis virus (MHV) strains, as their name suggests, infect the liver. However, several murine strains are tropic for the central nervous system (CNS) and cause encephalitis with subsequent CNS demyelination. The CNS demyelination shares pathological similarities with human CNS demyelinating diseases suc...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Matthews AE,Weiss SR,Paterson Y

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pooled human immunoglobulin (IgG) was evaluated as prophylaxis and treatment of HSV-1 infection in mice. We compared the effects of IgG on the course of acute infection and spread of virus through the nervous system, as well as on the establishment, maintenance, and reactivation of virus from latency. Balb/c mice rece...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Dalai SK,Pesnicak L,Miller GF,Straus SE

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The entry of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 into cells is a complex process mediated in part by the binding of the HSV glycoprotein D (gD) to a specific cellular receptor identified as HveC, or nectin-1. We examined the distribution of HveC in sensory and motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by immunocyt...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Mata M,Zhang M,Hu X,Fink DJ

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most immunosuppressed individuals who develop progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) have a rapid fatal outcome, whereas some become long-term survivors. We explored the impact of the cellular immune response against JC virus (JCV) on the clinical outcome of 7 HIV+ and 3 HIV- individuals with PML. Of the 4 H...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Du Pasquier RA,Clark KW,Smith PS,Joseph JT,Mazullo JM,De Girolami U,Letvin NL,Koralnik IJ

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A monocenter observational study was conducted to determine the clinical and virological effects of cidofovir added to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Exposure to other anti-viral drugs or late initiation of cidofovir were exclusion cri...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Gasnault J,Kousignian P,Kahraman M,Rahoiljaon J,Matheron S,Delfraissy JF,Taoufik Y

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-dependent poliomyelitis (ADPM) is a virally induced neuroparalytic disease of mice and a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ADPM is triggered in genetically susceptible mice by immunosuppression and infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV). Both ADPM and ALS are characterized by progr...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Schlenker EH,Jones QA,Rowland RR,Steffen-Bien M,Cafruny WA

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retroviral infection can induce transcriptional activation of genes flanking the sites of proviral integration in target cells. Because integration is essentially random, this phenomenon can be exploited for random mutagenesis of the genome, and analysis of integration sites in tumors may identify potential oncogenes....

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Afanasieva TA,Pekarik V,Grazia D'Angelo M,Klein MA,Voigtländer T,Stocking C,Aguzzi A

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To verify the possibility of different role of JC virus genotypes in the etiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, we analysed several JC virus isolates amplified from AIDS patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and healthy controls by nucleotide sequencing. Cerebrospinal fl...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Ferrante P,Mediati M,Caldarelli-Stefano R,Losciale L,Mancuso R,Cagni AE,Maserati R

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is characterized by increased apoptosis, gliosis, and oxidative stress in the CNS, as well as a compromised blood-brain barrier. TNF-alpha has been shown to be elevated in AIDS dementia complex brains and may contribute to AIDS dementia complex. To model elevated TNF-alpha in AIDS dementia ...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Bjugstad KB,Flitter WD,Garland WA,Philpot RM,Kirstein CL,Arendash GW

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rabies virus glycoprotein (G) gene of the highly neuroinvasive and neurotropic strains SHBRV-18, CVS-N2c, and CVS-B2c was introduced into the non-neuroinvasive and less neurotropic SN-10 strain to provide further insight into the role of G in the pathogenesis of rabies. Phenotypic analyses of the recombinant virus...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Morimoto K,Foley HD,McGettigan JP,Schnell MJ,Dietzschold B

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence suggests that HIV-1 Vpr exists in soluble form in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Further, its abundance in the bloodstream, and the CSF, and its activity on other cell types suggest that it could have an effect on brain activity. Using mixed embryonic rat brain cultures as a model to examine ...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Huang MB,Weeks O,Zhao LJ,Saltarelli M,Bond VC

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last 3 years have seen a dramatic fall in mortality and morbidity from HIV infection. Four factors have contributed to this: an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection; the availability of tests that could measure plasma viral burden; the development of new and more powerful drugs such as the p...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Powderly WG

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has recently been shown that bacteria and viruses can be delivered to the brain parenchyma without evoking an immune response. These experiments demonstrate that there are no cells within the brain parenchyma that can initiate a primary immune response, and that the drainage of pathogens from the brain parenchyma i...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Perry VH

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to involve genetic as well as environmental factors. A complicating aspect to the study of aetiological factors in MS concerns the possible existence of genetically different subtypes of the disease. In addition, a relatively large number of susceptibility genes could...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Rasmussen HB,Clausen J

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B-lymphoblastoid cell-lines may develop spontaneously in mononuclear cells from patients with multiple sclerosis, an observation rarely seen in healthy individuals. Examination of such spontaneously established B-cell lines reveal the presence of Epstein-Barr virus and retrovirus particles. We have speculated that in ...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Haahr S,Munch M

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the last 10 - 15 years, magnetic resonance imaging techniques have had a major impact in understanding and managing multiple sclerosis. The present review briefly summarises the current usefulness of spinal cord MRI in MS disease, examining the frequency, distribution and main characteristics of spine MS plaques;...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Bastianello S,Paolillo A,Giugni E,Giuliani S,Evangelisti G,Luccichenti G,Angeloni U,Colonnese C,Salvetti M,Gasperini C,Pozzilli C,Fieschi C

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuromotor rehabilitative treatment should be joined in the global individualised project. The rehabilitation project is developed by an interdisciplinary. Hence, the clinicians have to promote an appropriate compensation process in the daily living activities with a rapid insertion of new or recovered motor-postu...

journal_title：Journal of neurovirology

authors： Cardini RG,Crippa AC,Cattaneo D

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00